高应变速率超塑性铝基材料的研究现状与展望

The Status and Trend of Research on High Strain Rate Superplasticity of Al-Based Materials

高应变速率超塑性是一个涉及先进制造技术和超细晶块体材料的高科技前沿研究领域 美国SuperformAluminium公司采用超塑成形技术使轿车重量减轻了一半 ,大大降低了油耗与排放 ,因此高应变速率超塑性铝基材料的研究对于今后有效地利用地球资源和减少地球环境污染具有重要的现实意义 应变速率太低和成本太高是今后超塑性先进制造技术和超细晶块体材料大规模实用化进程中必须解决的关键问题 本文综述了国内外超塑性铝基复合材料和铝合金的制备、性能及变形机理的研究现状 ,指出了加快铸造法低成本制备高应变速率超塑性铝合金研究的迫切性 ,并展望了该材料在 2

New material is the fundation and precondition of advanced fabrication technology and social development. HSRS (high strain rate superplasticity) is an advanced technology which deals with advanced fabrication and ultra fine grain material technology. Superform Aluminium Corporation reduced the weight of its cars by 50% by using superplastic forming technology, thus largely reducing the the comsumption of oil and the exhaust. So the research of the proposition is of an important practical significance. However, too slow forming rates and too expensive cost are the key problems to be solved for commercial applications. This paper remarks the recent development of superplasticity in Al alloy and Al matrix composite, their performance and their distortion mechanism. This paper also indicates the extreme urgency to develop HSRS Al alloy by low cost cast fabrication, and forecasts the enormous foreground in 21century.