论明清之际经济架构中的异质因素

On the "Alien Elements" in the Economic Structure in the Ming and the Qing

明代后期社会经济架构内呈现出异动迹象。不仅在城镇中有了无人身依附关系的自由劳动力,而且出现在财宫原始积累上能发挥独特作用的产业资本。这些对于封建经济而言的“异质”,在清代初期并未消失,反而有所滋长,无论于手工生产与商贸活动,还是在资本运作渠道的拓展上,均有所增强,并清晰地显露出资本主义萌芽状态的经营性质。

Toward the end of the Ming Dynasty there appeared in the township economic structure independent labor and capital, the alien elements in the feudal economic system of the time. These elements increased in the Qing Dynasty as shown in the hand labor, commerce and trade.and capital management of the time.