我国中小企业信用担保体系的构建

The Construction of Chinese Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises' Credit Guarantee System

我国中小企业在发展过程中遇到了许多困难和问题,其中的最大困难是融资难,而融资难的最大障碍是担保难,解决这一问题的关键是构建完善的信用担保体系。信用担保是担保机构以一定的资财为基础,与债权人约定的保证债务履行和债权人实现债权的信用保障制度。构建信用担保体系的目标是以产业政策为导向,为各类成长性中小企业提供融资担保,分担银行信贷风险,改善中小企业融资环境,促进中小企业健康发展。构建的基本思路是立足国情,博采众长;政策性资金,市场化操作;体现扶助性,注重稳健性;以信用担保为杠杆,促进社会信用建设。信用担保体系的基本框架由信用担保运作模式与组织模式、信用担保资金来源与运用、信用担保管理制度以及担保风险防范与控制机制等环节组成。

In the development of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs), China has met with a variety of difficulties and problems. An acute lack of financing is one of the most difficult ones to deal with. Another biggest obstacle to overcome is to get credit guarantee. The only way to solve it is to establish a complete and wellexecuted SMEs'credit guarantee system.. The purpose of credit guarantee is to set up a mechanism and ensure the payment of debts to creditors based upon the debtor's own funds. And the goals of establishing a guarantee system is: To promote the expansion of policyoriented industry;provide a wideranging means of financing,reducing credit risk of commercial banks;improve the financial environment for SMEs; and accelerate the stable and steady growth. The fundamental ideas of establishing credit guarantee system may have adopted from foreign models,but they should be adapted themselves to the local environment. In the following are the suggestions we will discuss in the paper:Government funds should be executed in the open market with a view to offering assistance and maintaining stability;and the credit guarantee system should be used as a form of leverage to promote the establishment of social credit in the long run. The basic structures of the credit guarantee system include:Operating mechanism and organizational model;source and use of guarantee funds;management institution;crisis management;and supervisory institution.