从芍药的花芽分化试论芍药、牡丹的花型形成和演化

A DISCUSSION ON THE FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF FLOWER TYPE OF TREE PEONY AND HERB PEONY BY OBSERVING FLOWER BUD DIFFERENTIATION OF HERB PEONY

本文研究了芍药的花芽结构和性质,并对花芽分化进程作了系统的观察研究。确定了雄蕊原基伸长呈圆柱形是瓣化的临界点。雌蕊原基的腹缝线开裂,心皮伸展、扩大而成花瓣。观察认为雄蕊原基的产生是同步的,而遗传性的表现可以是整体的、局部的和个体的。花型分类的多样性与雄蕊原基的遗传变异的多样性密切相关。根据观察把重瓣花的花瓣定性为有性的和无性的两类。雄蕊离心瓣化形成“楼子类”花型;而向心瓣化形成“千层类”花型。花瓣自然增加不能形成高级重瓣花型。

The authors studied the structure and character of flower bud of Herb Peony ( P.lactiflora Pall. ) and observed the process of flower bud differentiation of Herb Peony systematically and carefully. The result deterimined that it reaches the critical point of petaloidy when the stamen primordium is cylinder-shaped. The ventral carpe-llary bundle of pistil primordium splits,then carpel stretches and develops into the petal. The observation indicated that the production of stamen primordium is synchronous while the heredity of stamen primor-dium can be expressed totally, partially or individually. The variety of flower types is closely connected with the variety of variation of stamen primordium. According to the observation petals in multiplicate flowers can be definited as two forms: sexual petal form and asexual petal form.The definition of petals is very important for the classifica-tion of flower types and the unification of controversial questions.The 'hundred elect staminal petals flower form' results from the process of the centrifugal differentiation while the 'hundred petals flower form' from the process of the centripetal differentiation. The advanced mul-tiplicate flower form can not be produced during the natural increase of petals.