中华猕猴桃果实主要营养成分含量在后熟过程变化的研究

CHANGES IN THE CONTENTS OF THE MAJOR NUTRIENT COMPONENTS OF THE FRUIT OF ACTINIDIA CHINENS1S DURING RIPENING

猕猴桃是一种呼吸跃变型果实,采后要经过一个完熟过程或人工催熟处理。关于后熟过程的果实成分变化,国外对美味猕猴桃(Actinidia deliciosa)有了不少研究,一般认为,适期采收的果实必须完成这种化学变化,才能达到最好的食用品质。 中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)原产我国,据1988年农业部优质农产品开发服务中心报道,全国栽培面积已有5万余亩,年产量达百万Kg。迄今,国内外对于该种在后熟过程的果实成分变化,尚未展开系统的研究。本文旨在探索氨基酸、维生素C和碳水化合物等营养成分在后熟过程中的变化规律,并根据碳水化合物变化探明采收成熟度与果实品质的关系,为获得优质猕猴桃及其采后生理研究提供理论依据。 材料与方法 一、供试材料 为本院猕猴桃试验园栽植的‘LQ─8’和‘LQ─25’两个优良株系(1988年11月通过浙江省科委鉴定),均从中华猕猴桃野生群体中选出。果实成熟度以果实可溶性固形物含量计。从9月上旬起,定期测定果实成熟度,以确定采收期。果实采后用0.05mm厚的聚乙烯塑料袋包装,每袋装10个果,共80袋,封口后置于水果周转箱内。库温18°± 2℃ ,相对湿度85％。每隔 2天从中取出5袋分析1次果实营养成分,试验重复3次。

The patterns of change in the major nutrient components of the fruit during ripening were analysed in this paper. The results obtained showed that the concentrations of most amino acids rose rapidly during the early part of ripening, and then fell. The contents of the ascorbic acid and total acid decreased gradully until the fruit reached full ripe. The freshly harvested fruit contained high concentrations of starch which fell rapidly with ripening. Concurrently, the total carbohydrate content increased dramatically. The effect of harvest maturity on the quality of the fruit are discussed 。