黄瓜杂种一代早熟优势及其性状构成基础

STUDIES ON THE EARLY MATURITY HETEROSIS AND ITS FORMATIVE BASES OF YIELD COMPONENT TRAITS IN CUCUMBER ( CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.)

本文通过对具有代表性的几个黄瓜自交系及其杂种一代早熟性和早期产量次级构成性状的系统分析,探讨了春黄瓜杂种早熟优势的表现及优势构成的基础。结果表明,杂一代早期产量普遍存在着正向超亲优势(早期主蔓座果率、果实日增重克数、植株早期有效分枝数),而播种至开花的日数、第一雌花节位、开花时植株叶片数则多为负向优势。对杂一代产量构成性状及关联性状优势强度的相关性分析表明,F_1早熟优势与其次级构成性状优势的相关方向与该性状在F_1上的优势表现方向一致,且许多相关达到显著与极显著水准,这种现象在一定程度上体现了春黄瓜早熟性优势存在的本质。

The expression and sub-trait formative base of early maturity he-terosis in spring cucumber were studied by means of systematic analyses to some inbred lines with typicality and representativity and correspond hybrids F1.The results showed that there were universally positive he-terobeltioses for not only early fruit yield but early fruit set of main stem,the number of gramma of fruit adding per day and the number of effective branches as well.In addition.There were universally negative heterosis for days from sowing to flowering, the number of leaves at the stage of first flowering and the number of the node at which the first female flower appeared.The heterosis correlation analyses between early fruit yield and its component traits have indicated that the directions of correlations at 5 % or 1 % significant levels between early yield hetero-sis and its formative traits were alike as the directions of their hetero-ses existing.This phenomanon was the reflection of the bases of the early maturity heterosis to some extent in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.).