农田覆盖与农作物产量结构形成机制的研究——Ⅰ.浅施有机肥与棉花高产的关系

A Study on the Mechanism of Farmland Mulching and Crop Yield Structure Ⅰ. Relationship between Shallow Application of Organic Fertilizer and High Yield of Cotton

棉花根系在耕层分布的位置与产量密切相关.研究结果表明:地膜覆盖使侧根向上位移,表现在侧根原基发生离地表仅2—3厘米,较露地直播棉花上移1倍多.浅施有机肥0—10厘米的根系干重占总干重的84.5—87.5%,较深施的74.7%,高9.8—12.8%.1983—1988年研究结果,盆栽试验浅施有机肥比深施的增产11.7—23.8%,大田试验,增产13.6—17.4%,大面积示范,增产13.4—18.87%

The distribution position of cotton root system in the tilth is closely related with cotton yield. Research material indicates that ground film mulching serves to make lateral roots move upward so tnat their primordia occur only 2- 3 cm from the ground surface, i, e, moving upward twice as much as cotton directly seeded in the open field. With shallow application of organic fertilizer at 0-10cm, the root dry weight accounts for 84.5-87.5% of the total dry weight, i.e.9.8-12.8% heavier than the 74.7% when it is deeply applied. Results of research conducted during 1983-1988 indicate that in the pot experiment, cotton yield, with organic fertilizer shallowly placed, increased 11.7-23.8%; in the field experiment, yield increased 13.6-17.4%; while in large area demonstration, yield increased 18.87%.