自然垄断产业的规模经济性和范围经济性与管理体制改革——以铁路运输业的管理改革为例

The Economics of Scale and Scope in Natural Monopolistic Industry and the Reform on Management System

自然垄断产业具有规模经济性和范围经济性的特征,但也会由于垄断而导致诸如生产效率降低、社会福利损失、组织管理低效率和动态技术低效率等负面效应,因此应该对自然垄断产业中的自然垄断业务与非自然垄断业务进行合理划分,在非自然垄断业务中引入竞争,以逐步消除自然垄断产业传统管理中垂直一体化经营和行政垄断的弊端,但改革中应正确区分垄断结构和垄断行为,实施渐进的改革战略,我国铁路运输业管理改革取得的成效对其他自然垄断行业的管理改革具有借鉴意义。

Although the natural monopolistic industry is obviously characterized by its Economics of Scale and Economics of Scope, the monopoly will also lead to production-inefficiency, welfare-loss, management-inefficiency and innovation-stagnation, etc. So it is necessary to carve up the natural monopoly operation from non-natural monopoly operation of the natural monopolistic industry, to introduce competition into non-natural monopoly operation, and break the administrative monopoly. Following the principle of gradual reforming, the monopoly-structure and monopoly-conduct should be differentiated correctly. The other management reforms on natural monopolistic industry can benefit from the success in the management reform of Chinese railway transportation industry.