艾比湖生态环境恶化及防治对策

DEGENERATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE EBINUR LAKEREGION AND THE IMPROVEMENT MEASURES

依据阿拉山口气象站与精河气象站 196 1～ 2 0 0 0年大风天气资料、精河气象站 196 1～ 2 0 0 0年沙尘天气资料 ,分析沙尘天气变化与大风日数、降水量、蒸发量及艾比湖入湖水量、艾比湖水面面积变化关系 ,并利用博乐市 1997～ 2 0 0 0年降尘资料重点分析近年沙尘天气变化与降水量、入湖水量之间的关系。分析结论 :入湖水量与降水量减少直接导致风沙天气增加 ,由此艾比湖湿地生态环境日趋恶化 ,给博州乃至北疆地区社会、经济发展造成严重危害。本文详尽分析了艾比湖湿地生态恶化表现形态与博州社会经济各业遭受的巨大损失 ,并提出治理措施。

The Ebinur Lake basin has an area of 5.06×10 4 km 2, a farmland area of 3.4×10 5 hm 2 and a population of 9.0×10 5. After Kuytun River was dammed in the beginning of the 1980's and no longer flows to Ebinur Lake, the water consumption for the ecology in the basin has to be completely based on the water resources of Bortala and Jinghe rivers. Thus, the shrinkage of Ebinur Lake is sped up, the contradiction between the demand and the supply of water resources becomes sharper, and the ecological environment in the basin is seriously degenerated. This paper analyzes the relations between the changes of occurrence of sandstorms, occurring days of strong wind, precipitation, evaporation, stream water flowing into Ebinur Lake, water area of the lake, etc., based on the data of strong winds collected by the Alataw and Jinghe meteorological stations and the data of sandstorms collected by Jinghe Meteorological Station during the period of 1961～2000. The relations between the change of sandstorm occurrence, precipitation and stream water flowing into the lake in recent years are analyzed based on the data of dust fall in Bole City during the period of 1997～2000. The results show that the decrease of the stream water flowing into Ebinur Lake and of precipitation results directly in the increase of sandstorm occurrence. Thus, the wetland ecological environment in the Ebinur Lake region is increasingly degenerated, which seriously impacts the social and economic development in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture and even in east Xinjiang. Some measures for improving the wetland ecological environment in the Ebinur Lake region are put forward in the paper.