皖西白鹅肉脂特性研究

The Study on Peculiarity of Meat and Lipid in Wan Xi White Geese

选择农户饲养的皖西白鹅 2 0只 (90日龄寿霍白鹅和 70日龄舒城白鹅各 10只 ) ,比较研究了两种地方类型皖西白鹅的胸肌化学组成、氨基酸含量、肌间脂肪含量、皮下脂肪和肾脂肪的一般化学特性及主要高级脂肪酸组成等肉脂基本性状。测定结果表明 ,皖西白鹅胸肉的干物质含量为 18 17%～ 2 1 7% ,粗蛋白为 14 6 %～ 16 % ,粗脂肪为 1 15 %～ 1 49% ,肌间脂肪为 2 43%～ 4 39% ,舒城白鹅的上述几项指标均高于 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 )寿霍白鹅 ;皖西白鹅胸肉的必需氨基酸含量 (除色氨酸外 )较高 (赖氨酸含量 5 5 3%～ 6 5 9% ) ,与风味关系密切的谷氨酸高达 13 17%～ 13 48%。皖西白鹅脂肪的不饱和脂肪酸含量较高 (5 9 2 5 %～ 6 9 12 % ) ,舒城白鹅不饱和脂肪酸含量低于寿霍白鹅 (P <0 0 1)。两种地方类型鹅的多数脂肪酸含量存在显著水平 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 )的差异 ,脂肪化学特性间亦存在显著水平 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 )的差异。鹅肉富含呈风味物质、必需氨基酸含量丰富、脂肪含量低 ,是人类较好的动物肉食原料 ,70日龄舒城白鹅的综合肉脂特性优于 90日龄寿霍白鹅。

Twenty of Wan Xi white geese(two local type-Shouhuo white geese and Shucheng white geese,70～90-day-old)were tested.The characteristic of meat and lipid in Wan Xi White geese were observed and analyzed for the first time.The results showed that dry matter contents of breast were 18.17%～21.7%,crude fat 14.6%～16%,EE 1.15%～1.49%,fat in meat 2.43%～4.39%.All about indexes in Shucheng white geese were higher(P<0.01 or P<0.05)than those in Shucheng EAA contents(else Trp)in Wan Xi white geese were rich and Glu connecting with flavor was high(13.17%～13.48%).Unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)contents of fat were 59.2%～69.1% and those in Shucheng white geese were lower than those in Shouhuo white geese.There was significantly difference(P<0.01)between two local type geese in chemistry characteristic of fat.The characteristic of meat and fat in 70-day-old Shucheng white geese was better than 90-day-old Shouhuo white geese