鸡白痢沙门氏菌耐药性的监测研究

The Surveillance for the Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Pullorum

采用WHO推荐的Kirby Bauer法对我国部分地区 196 2～ 1999年间 34 6株鸡白痢沙门氏菌进行了药物敏感性测定。结果表明 ,在近 40年时间里 ,鸡白痢沙门氏菌对氨苄青霉素、壮观霉素、复方磺胺、磺胺异恶唑、甲氧苄胺嘧啶、羧苄青霉素、四环素、链霉素、青霉素的耐药率显著增强 (P <0 0 1)。菌株的多重耐药率明显增加。 6 0年代以二耐菌株为主 (37 0 % ) ,70年代以四耐、五耐菌株居多 (6 0 5 % ) ,80年代五耐、六耐、七耐菌株占大多数(80 2 % ) ,90年代仅七耐以上菌株就达 83 7%。不同年代菌株显示出不尽相同的耐药谱 ,且呈现出不断增宽的趋势。通过流行病学调查发现 ,6 0年代至 90年代 ,鸡白痢沙门氏菌对青霉素、链霉素、磺胺类药物、四环素、卡那霉素、氯霉素、庆大霉素等药物的耐药性大多呈现出显著增强的变化趋势 ,这充分说明细菌耐药性的形成和发展与抗菌药物长期反复使用有着极为密切的关系。研究对于指导临诊合理用药及控制疾病流行具有重要的现实意义。

346 Salmonella pullorum strains were collected and preserved from some regions in China from 1962 to 1999.All strains were studied for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by means of Kirby-Bauer method.The results in the study showed that almost all 346 isolates had the capacity of acquiring antimicrobial resistance.The resistance rates of Salmonella pullorum isolates to antimicrobials were increasing in the last 40 years.Their resistance to Ampicillin,Spectinomycin,Sulfarmethoxazole/Trimethoprim,Sulfafurazole,Trimethoprim,Carbenicillin,Tetracycline,Streptomycin and Penicillin G increased significantly(P<0.01).However their resistance to other antimicrobials remained low level.The percentages of isolates were 55.5 with resistance to 2 or 3 antimicrobials in 1960s,60.5 with resistance to 4 or 5 antimicrobials in 1970s,80.2 with resistance to 5,6 or 7 antimicrobials in 1980s,83.7 with resistance to 7 or more antimicrobials in 1990s.The later the isolates were derived from the field,the broader their resistance spectrum became during the period from 1962-1999.According to epidemiological investigation,the isolates had significantly higher resistance rates to some antimicrobials which were prescribed repeatedly and used for long time in veterinary clinics,such as Penicillin G,Streptomycin Tetracycline and Sulfanilamides.The results suggested that there was a close correlation between the antimicrobial resistance and the frequency of agents prescribed in veterinary clinics.Changing trends in antimicrobial resistance of these isolates would be very useful formulating guide lines for the medication in the control of bacterial infections.