朝鲜毛球蚧蜡泌物的超微形态与红外光谱特征

Ultra-morphology and infrared absorption spectra of the waxes secreted by a scale insect,Didesmococcus koreanus (Homoptera:Coccidae)

采用扫描电镜和红外光谱技术研究了朝鲜毛球蚧Didesmococcuskoreanus在不同发育阶段蜡泌物的超微形态和化学成分。结果发现 :该虫在低龄期的蜡泌物的形态是长丝状 ,到 3龄和成虫期是由湿蜡凝结成不同大小的颗粒 ,块状和片状。雄虫蜡壳是薄蜡片构成 ,表面呈鱼鳞状凹凸。低龄期若虫蜡泌物的红外光谱特征与雌成虫的十分相似 ,说明二者所含的主要化学成分是相同的 ,雄虫和低龄若虫及雌成虫蜡壳萃取物的红外光谱的吸收峰型基本一致 ,但在 12 40 7cm- 1 处出现一个中等强度的特征峰 ,这充分说明 3种蜡泌物的有机化合物种类和结构一致 ,只是雄虫分泌物与另二者比较具有特征官能团 ,从而 ,利用该吸收峰可以区别出雄虫。此外 ,根据红外光谱特征分析 ,可以知道该虫蜡泌物的化学成分主要为长链脂肪酸、脂肪醇和一些带芳香环的化合物。

The ultra-morphology and chemical composition of the waxes secreted by the scale insect, Didesmococcus koreanus Borchs, was studied with scanning electron microscope and infrared spectra techniques. It was found that the waxes secreted by the young nymphs are long threads in its shape. Quite the contrary, the waxes changed their shape into granular, mass and piece on the dorsal surface of the old nymphs and adult females. By comparing the characteristics of the infrared absorption spectra of the waxes, the conclusion is that the main kind of chemical function groups and compositions are basic the same or similar in the two waxes secreted respectively by the young scale insect and the old one. A mid-strong absorption peak at 1 240.7 cm -1 indicated the male scale insects waxy cover having a different function group. Therefore, its composition is different to the female ones and the young nymphs. Based on the infrared spectra, it is suggested that the scale insects waxy compounds are composed majorly by long-chain fatty alcohol and fatty acids and some compounds with aromatic ring.