粤北南方红豆杉的群落类型及物候与繁殖生物学特性

Community types,phenology and propagation characteristics of Taxus mairei in North Guangdong.

对粤北地区的南方红豆杉 (Taxusmairei)植物进行物候学观察 ,以及植物群落调查 ,并着重研究其种子萌发和扦插繁殖特性 .结果表明 ,在粤北地区 ,南方红豆杉主要分布于南亚热带或中亚热带典型的常绿阔叶林中 ;种群个体顶芽展梢在 4月中旬开始 ,5月中旬雄球花现蕾 ,花期 7月底至 1 1月下旬 ,8月下旬雌球花现蕾 ,花期 1 0月下旬至次年 1月底 ,果期在次年 1 0月上旬 ,1 0月下旬顶芽形成 ;在自然条件下种子需 2～ 3年才能萌发 ;在山地条件下对种子进行湿沙藏 ,再播入沙床中 ,萌发率达到 95 2 % ,但周期较长 (1年半 ) ;在实验条件下对种子采用变温层积 (先 2 5℃ 3 6周 ,再转入 5℃ 1 2周 ,共 4 8周 ,即 3 3 6d) ,取出培养萌发率最高 ,达 82 .2 % ;扦插繁殖方面 ,以成熟一年生枝为插穗 ,用生根粉ABT1 浓度在 1 0 0mg·L-1 时处理效果较好 ,扦插时期在 1 0～ 1 1月份最合适 ,生根率达 95 % .

Community types,phenology and propagation characteristics of Taxus mairei in north Guangdong were studied. The results showed that in north Guangdong province, Taxus mairei mainly distributed in the typical ever green broad leaf forest of lower and mid subtropics dispersedly. Terminal bud of Taxus mairei was formed in late October and begun to grow foliages in mid April,male flower bud was appeared in mid May and the efflorescence was from late July to late November,female flower bud was formed in late August and the efflorescence was from late October to late January of second year,and the fruit mature period was in early October of second year. Under natural condition,the seed germination needed 2～3 years. Under experimental condition,the germination rate could be up to 82.2%. The effect of cuttage was better by taking mature annual twig and pretreatment by ABT 1 (100 mg·L -1 ) from October to November every year,and the rooting rate could be up to 95%.