GIS支持下青海湖地区草地蝗虫发生与月均温的相关性

Correlation between monthly average temperature and grasshopper outbreak in the region around Qinghai Lake based on GIS.

为有效地进行草地蝗虫发生的预测预报 ,必须摸清其生长和繁殖与地理环境特征的关系 .在青海湖地区 ,气温是影响草地蝗虫发生的主要因素 .在Arc/Info和ArcView地理信息系统的支持下 ,选择了环湖地区邻近的 1 6个气象站点 ,采用综合方法 ,在小尺度上模拟该区所需月份的月均温 ,建立了空间分布式气温信息数据库 .然后 ,把野外调查的蝗虫密度空间数据与相对应的月均温空间数据进行叠加 ,计算并分析月均温与草地蝗虫发生的关系 .结果表明 ,月均温对草地蝗虫发生的影响是和该区蝗虫优势种的生命史密切相关的 ,即 5、6月 (孵化期 )和 7月 (蝗蝻期 )的月均温影响当年草地蝗虫的发生 ;8、9月 (交尾、产卵期 )的月均温则影响次年草地蝗虫的发生 。

It is necessary to study the relationship between grasshopper and ecological factors for forecasting grasshopper outbreak effectively. Temperature is one of main factors influencing grasshopper outbreak in the region around Qinghai Lake. With the support of Arc/Info and ArcView, monthly average temperatures were simulated under the scale of 150 m by data from sixteen meteorological stations adjacent to Qinghai Lake for adapting the comprehensive method and establishing spatial temperature database. Then, the relationship between grasshopper outbreak and monthly average temperature were analyzed by combining the spatial data of grasshopper density and the spatial data of monthly average temperature. The result showed that effects of monthly average temperature on Grasshopper outbreak were closely related to the life cycle of the dominant grasshopper species in the region, namely, monthly average temperatures of May, June, and July influenced grasshopper outbreak in the current year, and monthly average temperatures of August and September influenced grasshopper outbreak in the next year. Thereby, it could provide a base of establishing forecasting models of grasshopper outbreak.