基于遥感的珠江三角洲城镇等级规模研究

Studies on Urban Grade-size Change in the Pearl River Delta Based on Remote Sensing

从 TM卫星影象提取出城镇实际建筑覆盖专题信息 ,以城镇建筑覆盖面积代替人口统计数据 ,对 2 0世纪末珠江三角洲城镇体系等级规模变动特点进行分析。重点分析了城镇等级规模总体时空格局、各等级城镇数量与规模变动特征、各行政等级城镇规模变动特征、城镇等级规模总体变动态势。结果表明 ,1 988至 1 998年珠江三角洲城镇的内外圈层空间格局较为稳定 ,核心城镇的地位有所下降 ,各等级规模的城镇均衡化趋势较为明显 ,按行政等级划分的城镇中镇级城镇增长速度最快。

This paper studies the urban grade size change of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) based on remote sensing. We use the built up area (rather than population) to analysis the urban size. TM imageries taken in 1988 and 1998 are used to get the built up area theme information, and we set up a spatial database of the Pearl River Delta towns in Arc/Info 8 02. The Maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) is selected to extract urban built up area theme information. The classified result accuracy by MLC is only 0.6559 (kappa index), and it is not enough to analyze the urban size. So we improve the computer classification results according to expert knowledge. The general spatial temporal structure, grade size change features, urban built up area change by administrative grade, and general urban system change features are discussed. From 1988 to 1998, the inner circle and outer circle spatial structure of the urban distribution kept relatively stable, and most of the large urbans concentrated on the estuary area of the PRD. The urban number of each grade size changed greatly during the study period. The urban number of grade size less than 0 1 km 2 decreased to 13 in 1998, but this number in 1988 was 112. And the urban number of grade size over 20 km 2 increased from 4 to 9. Urban area of town grade increased by 290 1%, urban area of county grade grew by 158 0%, and urban area of grade higher than county increased only by 108 4% during 1988 to 1998. The unbalance index of grade system decreased from 0 6011 to 0 5011, and the four largest urban indexes also decreased, but the standard deviation and the mean size of urban increased greatly. The results shows that the grade size based on remote sensing of the Pearl River Delta changed greatly in the end of the 20 century and this study is complementarity for traditional urban size study based on population.