应用生态学的研究与发展趋势

International trends of applied ecology and its future development in China.

国际上应用生态学于 2 5～ 4 0年前诞生 ,是为了适应、服务于缓解西方发达国家当时日益恶化的环境污染与生态破坏问题的需要 .随着该学科的发展 ,应用生态学一直都把应用生态学原理致力于解决自然资源不断退化与严重的生态环境问题作为其研究的重点 .2 1世纪的到来 ,人类步入了应用生态学时代 ,国际应用生态学主要发展特点表现为 :更注重其应用性 ,强调与工程学的相互交叉 ,特别注意与基础生态学的衔接性 ,全方位采用新方法与新技术 ,微观机理与宏观调控并行发展 .中国应用生态学今后的学科建设 ,特别是在 2 1世纪初的发展 ,在注意与国际接轨并从中汲取精华的同时 ,要特别强调我国环境污染与生态破坏仍在恶化这一基本国情而开展研究和应用 .

Internationally applied ecology was born around 25～40 years ago in order to adapt and serve the needs of mitigating increasingly environmental pollution and ecological destroy in developed western countries at that time. All the times applied ecological principles thus underpin most efforts at solving increasingly deterioration of natural resources and serious eco environmental problems as its keystone and researching kernel with the development of the subject. At the advent of the 21st century, human beings enter into the age of applied ecology. There are five international features of applied ecology, including more attention to many sided applications, special emphasis on the intersection with engineering, strongly keeping on mutual links with basic ecology, omnidirectional adoption of new methods and new technology, and side by side trends of microcosmic mechanisms and macroscopical regulation. Although we must connect with international applied ecology and absorb distillates from the subject in developed western countries, development of applied ecology in China in the future, in particular, at the beginnings of the 21st century should not deviate from aiming at the solution of increasingly environmental pollution and ecological destroy that is one of the most important basic situations of the country.