欠发达农区经济发展中的农户行为——以豫西山地丘陵区为例

The Role of Rural Household Behavior in Economic Development of Less Developed Rural Area:a Case Study of Western Henan Mountainous and Hilly Region,China

根据对河南西部山地丘陵区10个县(市) 332家农户的调查分析,欠发达农区制约区域发展的农户行为包括:①农户生产经营信息来源具很大局限性;②农户收入严重依赖自然条件;③农村剩余劳动力转移存在着意识障碍,农民对非农业参与意识不强;④农户贷款积极性不高且贷款多为维持日常生活需要;⑤农户更加期望用新增加的收入改变家庭生活状况,而不是发展生产。进一步的量化模型分析,揭示了农户收入在山区、丘陵和平原环境下受相关变量影响程度的差异,以及自给性与商品性生产不同比例农户在区域发展中的作用。文章讨论了从农户行为角度研究区域发展问题,并基于对农户行为的分析,对研究区域的经济发展思路提出相关建议。

A survey was conducted in 1995 and 2000 among 332 rural households purposively selected from 10 counties and county-level cities in western Henan mountainous and hilly region. Analysis on the data brings out several important findings in the relationship between household behavior and regional development. The negative side of household behavior was deeply related to farmer's embededness in traditional agricultural society and the long lasting of isolated inland culture. (1) The information of production, technology and marketing in agriculture, horticulture, stockbreeding and other family business, was narrowly limited. (2) The income of household dominantly relied on physical conditions and natural resources. (3) The surplus labor, existing at large amount, was difficult in transferring to other economic sectors, largely because farmers were reluctant to leave their land for other non-agricultural business or for working in town and village enterprises. (4) Farmers were not active in seeking bank loans and did not feel comfortable in borrowing money for business. Most of their loans were for urgent home needs, such as paying hospital bills and building houses. (5) The increase of house income was expected to be used in improving their family living conditions, instead of developing family business. The quantitative modeling analysis further indicates the variation of impact on household income by production factors among living environment of mountains, hills and river basins. The households with different ratios of commercial production -- wholly self consuming, partly for market, and mostly for market -- played rather different roles in regional economic development. In the conclusion part, the suggestions on development strategies in the study region are proposed. Finally, a new approach is applied to discussion on the roles of households so that regional economic development in less developed rural region can be further studied.