水稻空间诱变雄性不育新种质的细胞学研究

Cytological Observations on New Male Sterile Rice Mutant Induced by Space Flight

通过对空间诱变产生的雄性不育新种质 WS- 3- 1及其亲本特籼占 13和一般品种 IR36花粉形成发育过程的深入研究 ,发现 WS- 3- 1是一份无花粉型的雄性不育新种质 ,不育性稳定 ,不受光温条件影响。其败育机理是花药中层在小孢子母细胞早间期开始液泡化 ,过早降解 ,引起绒毡层过早退化 ,使绒毡层无法正常行使功能 ,导致小孢子母细胞粘连并在二分体时期解体 ,无法形成花粉。初步认为空间致变作用是明显的 。

A new male sterile rice mutant WS 3 1 was induced by space flight, its male sterility was very stable and not affected by day length and temperature, and no pollen was observed in the mature anther. By using techniques of semi thin, ultra thin section and immunolabeling, results of cytological studied on the whole process of its pollen emerge and development showed that the mechanism of the male sterility in WS 3 1 was the middle layer cells near anther septum vacuolating at the early interkinesis stage of microsporocyte, and then the tapetum cells near the middle layer degenerated. The tapetum disintegrated so early that caused the microsporocyte to stick with each other and degenerate at dyad stage.