福建百年、五十年一遇两次极端低温对树木冻害的研究

Investigation on the freeze-damaged trees by twice uttermost microtherm encountered once in one hundred or fifty years in Fujian

20世纪90年代福建省发生2次极端低温,1991年12月29日极端最低气温闽北达-7～-13℃(光泽),南部在2℃以下,突破百年同期最低记录;1999年12月23日极端最低气温闽北达-7～-10℃(建宁),南部在1℃上下,为50年间最低气温。原产热带和南亚热带树种引种到中亚地区,在2次低温期受冻害损失严重。据2次调查汇总南北各地受不同程度冻伤的树木达180余种。据1999年12月低温调查资料,各地受严重冻伤(Ⅰ～Ⅲ级)的树木约105种,以闽北地区最为严重。为减少损失,今后引种和采用绿化、造林的树种应分别区域,慎重选择。

Fujian encountered twice uttermost microtherm at an interval of 8 years in the nineties of 20th century. The uttermost lowest temperature were - 7--13℃ at north Fujian (Guangze) and under 2℃ at south Fujian, breaking the lowest record of the same period in the century, on the 29 December 1991. The uttermost lowest temperature were -7~ -10℃ at north Fujian (Jianning) and about 1℃ at south Fujian, reaching lowest temperature within fifty years, on the 23 December 1999. The species coming from tropic or sub-tropic and planted in the middle sub-tropic section had gotten the graveness of freezing damage in twice microtherm. According to two investigated results, the trees suffering from the different degrees frostbite were 180 species in Fujian. According to the information investigated in the microtherm of December 1999, the trees encountering graveness frostbite (grade Ⅰ ~ Ⅲ) were 105 species in Fujian; the most graveness is in the northern region of Fujian. For the sake of reducing loss, it is necessary to choose carefully the species of virescence and forestation parting districts.