栽培基质与AM真菌对园艺作物的影响

Effect of cultural media and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on horticultural crops.

从珍珠岩、蛭石、木屑、草炭、河沙等栽培基质的特点入手,讨论了不同基质对园艺作物生长发育、丛枝菌根(AM)真菌侵染和功能的影响以及AM真菌在不同基质条件下对作物生长的效应。将多种基质按一定比例混配而成的复合基质能综合各基质的优良理化特性,更有利于作物及其菌根的生长发育,如以草炭、蛭石和河沙按不同比例配成的7种基质中对西瓜接种Glomus mosseae,发现4号基质中侵染率最高,达39.9％,而1号基质中的最低,为14.8％,前者处理的植株生长量增加1.5～3倍。复合基质在无土设施栽培中十分有效,将得到更广泛的应用与开发。

The characters of peat, vermiculate, perlite, saw dust, sand and other growing media are briefly introduced in this paper. The effects of the above media on growth and development of horticultural crops, on colonization and function of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and effects of AMF fungi on growth, yield and quality of horticultural crops grown in different growing media are also discussed. The mixed media with different proportional media showed favorite characters and benefited the plant growth. For example, the colonization percentage of Glomus mosseae on watermelon grown in No.7 mixed media made of peat, vermiculate, and sand was 39. 9% , while that in No. 1 was 14. 8% , the growth of the plant grown in the former was 1. 5 ~ 3 times greater than the control. The mixed media are very efficient in the production of vegetables grown in soilless media and should be more widely used in the near future.