基质与施肥对麝香百合仔球繁殖及开花的影响

Effect of media and fertilization on bulblets regeneration and flowering of Lilium longiflorum.

以正交设计研究4种代用基质[即锯末混河沙(S/S)、花生壳混沙(PH/S)、锯末混炉渣(S/C)和KD-1型高吸水性树脂混沙性潮土(SY/S)]处理施肥比例和施肥浓度对麝香百合仔球繁殖与开花的影响结果表明,仔球繁殖综合评价指数最大的处理组合为基质SY/S(0.5:99.5),施N肥0.0071mol/L,N:P:K=10:5:5,株行距8cm×15cm;其次为基质S/S(体积比为1:1),施N肥0.0143mol/L,N:P:K=5:10:10,株行距8cm×15cm;综合评价指数最小的组合是S/C基质,施N肥0.0143mol/L,N:P:K=5:10:10,株行距8cm×15cm。不同处理对现蕾和开花期的影响差异显著,S/S基质施N肥0.0107mol/L、N:P:K=18:9:15、株行距30cm×40cm的处理组合使现蕾和第1朵小花的开放时间提前,叶面积系数较大,叶绿素含量也较高;S/S基质施N肥0.0107mol/L、N:P:K=18:9:15、株行距30cm×40cm的处理组合和SY/S基质施N肥0.0107mol/L、N:P:K=18:9:15、株行距30cm×40cm2个处理的花枝鲜物质量和花朵直径较大,切花达标率较高,与其他处理间的差异达显著水平。

Orthogonal-design was used in this experiment, in which the effects of four different types media and fertilization, N/P/K-ratio and the planting space on Litium longiflorum were studied in combination treatment. The media used in the study are as follows: sawdust blended sand (S/S= 1:1), blended peanut hull with sand (PH/S= 1:1), sawdust blended cinder (S/C= 1:1) and an admixture of KD-1 hydrophilic gel and sandy tidal soil (SY/S= 0. 5 : 99.5). Results showed that the highest gray-relational-grade, for propagating of bulblets, was obtained by the combination treatment which was SY/S medium combined with N 0.0071 mol/L and N:P:K= 10:5:5 at a planting space of 8cm ×15cm. The one of S/S combined with N 0.0143 mol/L and N:P:K = 5:10:10 at a planting space of 8cm x15cm was the one next to the highest. The treatment of S/C with N 0.0143 mol/L and N:P: K = 5 :10 :10 at a planting space of 8cm× 15cm obtained the minimum gray-relational-grade. The different treatments had significant effects respectively on the period of bud-initiate and the flowering stage. The bud-initiate and the date of first opening-flower were accelerated by the treatment of S/S medium with N 0.0107 mol/L and N:P:K= 18:9:15 at a planting space of 30cm ×40cm, on which the leaf area index and the higher chlorophyll content were obtained. The largest bud quantity and heavier fresh-flower-branch as well as bigger opening-flower-diameter were obtained on both the treatments of S/S-medium with N 0.0107 mol/L and N:P:K=18:9:15 at a planting space of 30cm x 40cm and of SY/S with N 0.0107 mol/L and N : P: K = 18 : 9 :15 at a planting space of 30cm ×40cm, on which the larger percentage of standard cut-flower was observed either. The difference among combination treatments reached a significant level respectively.