真菌毒素与人类疾病

Mycotoxins and human diseases

真菌毒素与人类疾病是一个较新的课题 ,从 5个方面摘要了近年的有关进展。1真菌毒素具有两种毒性 ,一是致 DNA损伤 ,有者可致癌 ,二是细胞毒性 ,有破坏质膜和细胞酶的作用 ,但不同毒素各有不同 ;2文献报告 ,一些疾病可能与真菌毒素有关 ,如肝癌、地方性肾病、食物中毒性白细胞缺乏病 (ATA )、食管癌、克山病、大骨节病、趴病等 ;3世界许多国家都已开始重视真菌毒素对粮食及其制品的污染 ,但认识程度很不一致。例如有4 3个国家制定了食物中黄曲霉毒素 (B1 ,B2 ,G1 ,G2 合计 )标准 ,其中少的为 10 ng/ kg,最多的为 10 0 0 ng/ kg;4当前研究的重点是寻找不同毒素中毒的“生物标志”,以及观察不同毒素的地理分布 ;5关于一级预防 ,关键是制定毒素的容许标准 ,阻断毒素进入人体的途径 ;至于二级预防 ,则是相关疾病的早期发现与治疗 。

This paper is a review about the problem of 'mycotoxins and human diseases'.New advances published in magazines were summarized in 5 aspects of contents as following:①The toxicity of mycotoxins was mainly expressed in two directions.The first is the ability introducing to the DNA damage,and the second is the cell toxicities damaging the membrane and enzyme medchanisms of metabolism in cell;②Some diseases of human may be related to mycotoxins,they are hepatic cell cancer,balkan endemic nephropathy,alimentary toxic aleukia,kaschin beck disease,keshan disease and padisease,and others;③The tolerable standards about mycotoxins in cereal or its products for public health regulations were established in several ountries,but the recognition or understanding about them is not identical one.For example the standard of tolerable content of aflatoxin[B 1,B 2,G 1,G 2] in foods,the lowest ont is 10 ng/kg and the heighst is 1 000 ng/kg;④Now the main points of the research works in this field are to discover the 'biomarker' of such mycotoxicities and to investigate the geographic distribution of the mycotoxins;⑤The preventive means in the field are to establish and to make tolerable standards for toxins control,and to develop new methods for the diagnosis or treatment of the related diseases in it's early stage.