大肠腺癌、腺瘤及正常组织中线粒体形态结构的体视学研究

STEREOLOGICAL ULTRASTRUCTURE STUDY ON THE MITOCHONDRION IN COLORECTAL CARCINOMA, ADENOMA AND NORMAL MUCOSA

目的:从三维水平定量揭示大肠腺癌、腺瘤及正常粘膜上皮线粒体的超微结构特点和变化规律,并阐明其能量代谢的主要途径。方法:手术大肠腺癌8例,肠镜大肠腺瘤8例,大肠癌正常粘膜8例。按体视学原理和方法在电镜下随机摄片,以胞浆为参照空间,测试腺上皮细胞中形态正常的和空泡变性的线粒体的体积密度（Vv）、表面积密度（Sv）、数密度（Nv）、平均自由程（λ）、形状因子（PE）、改良形状因子（pe）、规化形状因子（RFF）、平均体积（v）及平均表面积（s）,比较这些参数在不同组织间的差异。结果:正常线粒体的 SV、NV、pe、RFF在大肠腺癌、腺瘤和正常粘膜之间差异有显著性（P<0.05）;空泡化线粒体比较,三组间Vv、Sv、λ、PE、pe、RFF、v、s差异有显著性（P<0.05）;全部线粒体比较,三组间Nv差异有显著性（P<0.05）。结论:大肠腺瘤线粒体增生明显,其生物氧化产能功能的结构基础较腺癌和正常组织增大,糖代谢以有氧代谢为主;大肠腺癌癌细胞线粒体减少,生物氧化产能功能的结构基础较正常及腺瘤减弱,糖代谢以无氧酵解为主;线粒体空泡化普遍存在于大肠腺癌、腺瘤和正常组织中,其形态更趋向于圆形。

Aim: To post quantitatively the ultrastructural characteristics and the change order of mitochondrion in colorectal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenoma and normal colorectal mucosa in three - dimensional level, and to clarify their major pathway of energy metabolism. Methods: The mass specimens of 8 colorectal adenocarcinomas, 8 colorectal adenomas and 8 normal colorectal mucosas were obtained from the surgical resections and colonoscopy. Photographs were taken randomly in transmission electron - microscope according to stereology, and then the parameters of mitochondrion of normal and vacuolar degeneration were calculated in glandulose epithelial cells involving volume density( Vv), surface density(Sv), numerical density(Nv), mean free distance of components (λ), form factor (PE), improved form factor (pe), regular form factor (RFF), average volume(v) and average surface area(s) referring in cytoplasma. Their difference was compared. Results: The difference between colorectal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenoma and normal colorectal mucosa at the vacuolar mitochondrion was observed to reveal significances in Vv,Sv,λ,PE,pe,RFF, v,s(P < 0.05), but it revealed significances at the normal mitochondrion in Sv, Nv, pe, RFF ( P<0.05) and at the whole mitochondrion in Nv (P<0.05). Conclusions: The mitochondrion of colorectal adenoma hyperplasia was evident and its structural background to produce energy of biological oxidation was greater than that of car-cinoma and normal tissues, as well as gave priority to aerobic glycolysis in carbohydrate metabolism. The quantity of mitochondrion of colorectal adenocarcinoma decreased and the effect of colorectal carcinoma and normal colorectal mucosas was slack in the structure background to produce energy of biological oxidation, as well as gave priority to unaerobic glycolysis in carbohydrate metabolism. The mitochondrion of vacuolar degeneration represents ubiquity in colorectal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenoma and normal colorectal mucosa and its configuration even tends to rotundity.