杂交粳稻三系育种的基础研究——Ⅳ.不育细胞质对F_2稻米品质的影响

Basic Studies on Japonica Hybrid Rice Breeding by Three Line System Ⅳ. Cytoplasmic Effect of CMS on Some Grain Quality Characters in F_2 Seeds

本文通过对ＢＴ和ＵＰ细胞质的３个不育系与４个恢复系配制的１２个杂种，及其相应保持系杂种Ｆ２种子的加工和外观７项米质性状的表现型的比较表明，ＢＴ和ＵＰ细胞质对杂交粳稻的精米率、整精米率和垩白米率有明显的负效应，但对糙米率、糙米长、宽和长／宽比则没有影响，不育细胞质的这种负效应，具有很大的组合特异性，尤以恢复系的影响较大。胞质效应的变异占不育系杂种总变异的２４～６７％。

The comparison of 7 quality characters of F2 seeds related to milling and appearance propertgies was made between japonica rice hybrids of 3A lines with BT and UP cytoplasms ×4R lines, and their corresponnding B×R lines. The significant negative effects of BT and UP cytoplasms were found on percentages of milled, head and chalk rice. However, no significant effect was found on brown rice percentage and length, width and longth/ width of brown rice. The negative cytoplasmic effect varied clearly between crosses. particularly between the crosses with different restorers. The variation of cytoplasmic effect occupied 24-67% of that of A×R hybrids. It was concluded that the negative effect of cytoplasms on chalk rice percentage could be directly utilized and that on percentages of milled and head rice could be minimized by reasonable selection of A and R lines. It is also needed to exploit the new resources of cytoplasms.