2000年贵阳市儿童哮喘患病情况调查及分析

A Survey and Analysis on Children's Asthma of Guiyang City in 2000

目的 :了解贵阳市两城区 0～ 14岁儿童哮喘患病率 ,并与全国儿童哮喘患病率进行同期比较。方法 :采取整群抽样方法对贵阳市两城区 12 5 83名 0～ 14岁儿童进行哮喘发病情况的调查 ,并进行相关因素分析。结果 :总患病率为 2 .0 6 % ,总现患病率为 1 6 3% ,男女患病率分别为 2 .5 0 %和 1.6 0 % ,两者有显著差异。发病诱因主要有呼吸道感染及气候变化、运动。好发季节为冬、春季 ,好发时辰以半夜及临睡为著。有 6 4 .6 2 %的患者在 3岁以内发病 ,6 5 .34%有个人过敏史 ,1,2级亲属有哮喘的分别为 17.6 9%和 31.0 5 % ,治疗中有 98.5 6 %应用抗生素 ,有 71.4 8%的使用全身激素 ,使用吸入激素治疗的仅为 4 .6 9%。结论 :贵阳市儿童哮喘的发病率明显高于 10年前全国平均水平 ,与多种原因有关 ,应加强婴幼儿哮喘的早期干预治疗 。

Objective:To find out the incidence of asthma in children between 0 to 14 year old in Yunyan and Nanming Ditricts, and compare the data with the average incidence of the children's asthma in the country during the same period. Methods: Whole population Sampling method was adopted to make a survey on incidence of asthma from 12 583 children of 0 to 14 year old in Yunyan and Nanming Districts,and the relating factors were analyzed. Results: The general incidence was 2 06%, and the general present incidence was 1.63%,and 2.50%for boys, 1.60% for girls.The difference between them was significant. The main factors causing the onset of asthma were infection of respiratory system, change of climate, and physical exercise etc. The seasons with the highest incidence were winter and sping, and the time with highest onset rate was mid night and before sleep. 64.62% of the patients first suffered from asthma before 3 years old, and 65.34% of them have history of allergy. The incidences of asthma in patients' relatives of first and second classes were 17.69% and 31.05% respectively. 98.56% of the patients used antibiotics; 71.48% of them were applied with whole body hormone, and only 4.69% of them were applied with treatment of inhaling hormone. Conclusion: The rate of children′s asthma of Guiyang was obviously higher than the average rate of the whole country at 10 years ago, and it related to many factors. The early care and proper treatment to infant asthma should be enforced, and application of medicine inhaling should be spread further.