50年代毛泽东对中国现代化道路的探索

Probing into Mao Tsetung's China's Modernization in the 1950s

50年代是中国现代化运动的腾飞时期 ,以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人不仅提出了第一个社会主义的现代化纲领 ,而且提出了“四个现代化”的目标 ;不仅找到了适合中国国情的现代化的切入点 ,而且通过“一五”计划奠定了工业化体系和全面现代化的基础 ,使中国赶上了世界第三次现代化浪潮的步伐。令人遗憾的是由于认识上的局限 ,毛泽东把现代化简单等同于工业化或者把现代化局限在四个方面 ,并在实践中以牺牲农业来发展工业 ;更由于“左”的指导思想的影响 ,他把阶级斗争当作现代化的动力 ,并在现代化过程中急于求成 ,最终使中国的现代化道路走上了歧路。

The 1950s was an age for China's modernization in that the Chinese Communist Party. With Mao Tsetung as the leader, he not only put forward the first aim of China's modernization and that of the Four Modernizations, but also found a way suitable to her modernizations and laid a firm foundation for her industrial system and all round development, which made China keep in pace with the third worldwide wave of modernization. However, owing to the limit to his cognition, Mao Tsetung mistook the industrialization for modernization and confined China's modernization to four fields. Also for the influence of the left learning thought, he considered class struggle as the incentive to the modernization, which led China to develop in an irrational way.