用球茎大麦技术产生大麦加倍单倍体的初步研究

Preliminary studies on the production of barley doubled haploid by using Hordeum bulbosum technique.

(1)大麦和球茎大麦的基因型对种间杂交和离体胚挽救的成功率有明显影响;(2)离体挽救时出苗率还受到胚龄和培养基成分的影响,胚龄较小(温室14天)时出苗率较高,在B_5培养基中加5g/l活性碳或再增加15ppm PP_(333)使两个杂交组合的出苗率分别达50.00％和51.61％;(3)染色体加倍成功率平均为34.90％,以0.075％秋水仙碱处理带2～5分蘖的成功率较高,最高的达62.50％,据试验结果推算,授粉100朵小花平均可得加倍单倍体5.29株,最高27.46株。

The major steps in the production of barley doubled haploid using Hordeum bulbo-sum technique were preliminarily studied.The main results were as follows.(1)The genotypic differences were apparent in the crosses between barley and H.bulbosum and in the embryo rescue.(2)Percentage of seed set and seeds with embryo were greatly improved when the florets wer e treated with combined solution of 2,4-D and GA3 instead of GA3 alone after pollination,and finally the embryos obtained from 100 florets pollinated were increased by 250% over the check in a comparative test.(3)The percentage of embryo germinated into plantlet in embryo rescue was affected by embryo age and medium component.Younger embryos(e g.14 days after pollination in greenhouse)were more suitable for Culture and 50.00% and 51.61% embryo germinated into plantlet in two crosses were achieved when 5g/l active carbon and 15 ppm pp333 added to D5 basal medium respectively.(4)The average success rate of chromosome doubling was 34.90%,and the highest was 62.50%.It seems more appropriate to use 0.075% colchicine and seedling with 2~5 tillers in chromosome doubling.(5)It was estimated from his experiment that 5.29 barley doubled haploid may be obtained from 100 pollinated florets on average,and 27.46 at the highest.