变色稻谷寄藏的真菌种类及其致病性研究

The inhabiting fungi of discolored paddy rice grains and their pathogenicities

1987～1988年我们从全国17个省市采集的220份变色稻谷样品中,共分离得真菌21属,其中以交链孢属(Alternaria sp.)、弯孢霉属(Curvularia sp)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)及青霉属(Penicillium sp)的检出频率高,分布地区广,为优势真菌。我国各稻区变色稻谷上的真菌种类大致相同,但检出率有所不同。由变色稻谷分离的19种主要真菌,于水稻开花期进行人工喷雾接种,均能产生大量的变色稻谷,但发病程度和表现症状,因真菌种类不同而有一定差异。

Two hundred and twenty samples of discolored paddy rice grains were collected from 17 provines in China during 1987—1988 and the fungi is olated were grouped into 21 genera. Alternaria sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp. and penicillium sp.were the major fungi according to their high frequencies and wide distribution. Although fungi collected from rice growing areas were similar, their frequencies differed. When 19 major fungi isolated from discolored rice grains were inoculated on the rice plants at flowering stage with spraying method. larger number of discolored rice grains were induced. However, the disease severity and symptoms varied with the kinds of fungi.