二棱大麦粒重、皮壳率和粒形性状的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Kernel Weight, Husk Weight and Kernel Shape Traits in Two—Rowed Barley

用半双列分析方法研究了二棱大麦(Hordeum distchum L.)9个品种及其杂种F_1的籽粒重、皮壳率和粒形性状。结果表明,F_1的粒重、粒长和粒宽有正向平均优势,粒厚和皮壳率有负向平均优势。在性状遗传上。粒重、粒长和粒宽主要受加性基因控制,狭义遗传力高达83.24～90.63％,粒厚主要受超显性基因控制,皮壳率受加性基因和显性基因共同控制,它们的狭义遗传力分别为75.66％和60.36％。粒长的显性基因起增值作用,其它性状的显性基因作用方向不一致。粒厚与皮壳率相关不显著,其它性状间都存在着显著或极显著正相关。通径分析指出,粒宽对粒重的直接作用最大(P_(2Y)=0.8036),粒长次之(P_(1Y)=0,3022)。

The kernel weinght (g), husk weight (%) and kernel shape traits of 9 parents and their F|hybrids in two—rowed barley (Hordeum distichum L.) were studied with diallel analysis. There were positive average heterosis for kernel weight, kernel length and kernel width and negative average heterosis for kernel thickness and husk weight.The first three traits were mainly controlled by additive genes with higher narrow sense heritabilities ranged from 83.24% to 90.63%, and the kernel thickness was mainly controlled by overdominant genes (h_n^2=75.66%) and husk weight by both dominant and additive genes (h_n^2=60.36%). The dominant gene for kernel length showed positive effects, while those of other traits showed ambidirectional ones among nine parents.There were highly significant or significant positive correlations between most traits, but no correlation between kernel thickness and kerne) weight.The path analysis showed that kernal width displayed the highest positive direct effect (P_(2Y)=0.8036) followed by kernel length (P_(1Y)=0.3022).