论康有为的孔教思想及其倡立孔教的活动

Of How and Why Kang Youwei Brought Confucianism into Confucianity

清末民初 ,康有为出于保国、保教的现实需要 ,根据自己独特的宗教观 ,利用儒学与宗教的某些相通之处 ,进行了儒学宗教化的探索 :他“援西入中”——实现儒学的近代化 ;“纳儒入教”——实现儒学的宗教化 ,其所设计的大同世界 ,堪称为孔教的彼岸 ,这使儒学发生了质变 ,一定程度地适应了近代社会。甲午战后 ,为实现立孔教为国教的理想 ,他进行了不懈的努力 ,但均告失败。其倡立孔教活动失败的必然性值得深究 。

Summary: (1) Why Kang brought Confucianism into Confucianity: (a) Possibility: Confucianism and religion; (b) Requisite: the nation guarded, the Confucianism protected and the strain sustained; (c) Necessity: Kang Youwei's religious ideas. (2) How Kang Youwei had the Confucianism to be reformed:(a) The western ideas were quoted to have the Confucianism modernized; (b) To benefit the western religious services, organizations, rules, etc to have the Confucianism religionized; (c) To service the Confucianist idea of ' great harmony' into the realm of Great Harmony like the paradise of Christianity or the nirvana of Buddhism. (3) Kang's activities of initiating Confucianity: (a) 1895-1898, to initiate the way of Confucianism to call on establishing Kong Miao (Confucian Temple), to found Sheng Xue Hui in Guilin propagating to make Confucianity the state religion; (b) 1899-1911, in exile abroad, writing articles on Confucianity; (c) 1912-1918, active period, to found Kong Jiao Hui (Confucianity Association) in Shanghai, to ask a provision in constitution to provide the Confucianity the state religion; (4) The failure of his initiating Confucianity is inevasible, yet, the value of his intentive idea of initiating Confucianity should not be written off all and all, and the inevitability of the failure merits to be probed.