论交易组织对生产组织的替代——兼论科斯企业理论的缺陷

On the Trade Organization instead of the Production Organization——On the Defect of Coase's Firm Theory

科斯认为 ,市场交易费用越高 ,企业这一生产组织存在的理由就越强 ,而企业正是对价格机制或者说是对企业之外的市场交易的替代。但是 ,科斯在论述企业的性质时 ,一直是以生产组织为背景的。然而 ,交易组织有其特殊性 ,它当然是企业 ,但它作为企业 ,不仅没有替代或减少市场交易量 ,反而在积极地从事市场交易并进而在扩大市场交易量。当我们将交易组织或商业企业纳入科斯分析框架时 ,可以发现 ,科斯的企业理论存在着盲区或内在逻辑缺陷。交易组织是对生产组织的替代。这一命题几乎是科斯命题的逆命题 ,但它与科斯命题具有同等的效率含义。实际上 ,在维护交易秩序、提高资源配置过程的组织程度并进而缩减交易费用的过程中 ,有生产组织和交易组织这两种组织资源可以被提供。当然 ,交易组织并不是万能的 ,正像生产组织不可能完全替代作为整合市场交易的专业化的商业组织一样 。

Coase thinks that the firm is just the substitution of the price mechanism because of its high transaction costs.However,Coase is at the time of describing the nature of the firm then,He has been as the background with the production organization all the time.Trade organization has its particularity,it is certainly an enterprise,and it adds the market trading volume.Undoubtedly,when we conclude the trade organization in the Coase's frames then,we can find,the blind area or the inherent logic defect exists in the Coase's firm theory.Trade organization is the substitution of the production organizing.This propositions is nearly the Coase's propositions of going against,but it has equal efficiency meaning to the Coase's propositions.Certainly,trade organization is not omnipotent,and its substitute to the production organization is limited too.