中国北方旱作农业带状起源论(英文)

Zonal Origin of Dry Farming in Northern China

探讨了更新世环境变迁和旧石器时代晚期原始农业的发展情况。第四纪以来,中国的自然环境发生了显著变化。在更新世末期寒冷的气候条件下,中国北方大部分地方不适宜于喜温暖的黍、粟等作物生长,但其东南边缘温暖地带的一些细石器地点已进入采集农业阶段,可能成为后来黍作和粟作农业起源地带的一部分。分析了全新世早期北方环境变迁与旱作农业的产生。介绍了麦克尼什农业起源的3种模式和中国的3个文化地带。3个模式分别为初级模式、次级模式和三级模式。石兴邦认为这3个起源模式与中国的3个文化带,即黄河流域、淮河中介生态带和长江及其以南地区无界生态带的情况是大体相若的。全新世早期(大约12～8kaBP)为不稳定升温期,黄土高原东南边缘的沟谷、山前坡地和台地,秦岭山地的河谷阶地,淮河上游山地和平原,山东丘陵南部的河谷和台地即有黄土分布,又相对温暖湿润,森林草原交错分布,植物资源丰富,处于北方细石器工艺和南方琢制石器工艺的交汇地带,有可能率先开始粟作农业;全新世早期末段或中期,从青海东部经甘肃中东部、宁夏、陕西北部、山西中北部、河北北部、内蒙古中东部至辽宁中西部的沙性黄土地带,由于自然条件的改善,可能成为黍作农业最重要的起源地带。

Environmental changes in Pleistocene and the breeding of primitive agriculture in late Paleolithic Age are discussed.Natural environment in China has changed significantly since the Quaternary Period.Under the cold climatic conditions at late Pleistocene,most parts of northern China were not suitable for the growth of millet and other crops preferring warm surroundings.But some microlithic remains in the warm southeastern edge of northern China have entered the stage of gathering agriculture,which might become a part of agricultural original zones of millet agriculture.Environmental change and the emergence of dry farming in northern China at early Holocene are analyzed,which is an unstable heating period(about 12-8 kaBP) .Millet production may be first conducted in the southeast valley of the Loess Plateau,hillside and tableland,valley terraces in Qinling Mountain,mountains in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River,valley and tableland in southern hills of Shandong Province.At the end of early Holocene or middle Holocene,natural conditions have changed in sandy loess zone from eastern Qinghai along the line of mid-eastern Gansu,Ningxia,northern Shaanxi,mid-northern Shanxi,northern Hebei,mid-eastern Inner Mongolia,and mid-western Liaoning,which might be the most important origin of broomcorn millet agriculture.