中国农村女性劳动力就业及转移状况研究(英文)

Employment and Transfer Status of Female Labor Force in Rural China

利用官方的统计数据,分析了农村女性劳动力就业和转移的总体状况。其中,农村女性劳动力就业状况主要表现为农村女性人口劳动力参与率较高、农村女性就业人员文化素质普遍较低、农村女性劳动力就业的年龄段特征明显以及农村女性劳动力就业规模递增; 农村女性劳动力转移状况主要表现为农村女性劳动力转移规模和比例不断加大、农村女性劳动力转移行业主要集中于工业、商业、饮食和服务业等行业、农村女性劳动力转移职业多为低技能的商业服务和设备操作以及农村女性劳动力转移以年轻女性为主,女性劳动力短缺与过剩并存。根据农村女性劳动力就业及转移过程中的"结构性"问题,分析指出,农村女性整体文化素质偏低、农村中老年妇女大量滞留农业、社会保障制度缺失和社会化服务体系不健全等因素是制约农村女性劳动力就业和转移的主要原因。因此,针对农村女性劳动力就业及转移过程中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策建议: ①提高农村女性劳动力文化素质和技能,增强就业竞争力; ②完善劳动力市场,健全社会保障制度; ③发展劳动密集型乡镇企业,实施农业产业化经营,对促进我国劳动力有序转移和推进城市化进程具有重要意义。

Official statistics are used to expatiate the general status of female labor force employment and transfer in rural China. According to the 'structure' problem of female labor force transfer, it is pointed out that the overall cultural quality of rural women is relatively low, a large number of rural middle-aged women stay at home, social security system is lacked and the social service system is not perfect, which are the major factors restricting the transfer of rural female labor force. Therefore, according to the problems in employment and transfer of female labor force in rural China, countermeasures are put forward, which are ① improving cultural quality, skill and competitiveness of rural female labor force, ② perfecting labor market and social security system, ③ developing labor-intensive rural enterprises and implementing agricultural industrialization management. All these are of great significance to promote the orderly transfer of labor force, as well as the process of urbanization in China.