西南丘陵区农民生计多样性研究(英文)

Livelihood Diversity of Peasants in Hilly Region of Southwestern China

为了更真实地反映农民生计多样性的变化,选取地理位置相对偏远且经济落后的西部丘陵区作为调研区域,采取参与式农村评估法进行实地调查,广泛听取农民的意见,采用重点和随机抽样相结合的方法,根据经济发展水平,将调查区域确定在重庆市云阳县和酉阳县2个贫困县的4个村内,探讨了贫困地区农民生计多样化对农民生活水平的影响,以及由此引起的农民与土地关系的变化。选择重庆市云阳县和酉阳县4个村185户农民为调查对象,从农户的家庭规模、年龄结构、文化程度、收入构成、农户类型等基本情况以及土地利用情况农民生计多样性进行调查统计。将农民的生计方式细分为务农、打工、做生意、教师、跑运输、企业主、公务员和其他8类,从不同生计方式的收入差异、生计方式与收入水平关系、生计方式与经营土地面积关系3个方面对农民生计方式变化情况进行了分析。研究表明,农民生计多样性对增加农民收入起到主要作用,是提高贫困地区农民生活水平的重要举措,随着生计方式的多元化,土地收益不再是家庭收入的主要来源,农民对土地的依赖度逐渐降低。

In order to more truly reflect the change in livelihood diversity of peasants,hilly region of southwestern China with relatively remote location and backward economy is selected as the investigation region.Participatory Rural Appraisal(PRA) is adopted to conduct field investigation in order to collect the suggestions from peasants.According to the economic development level,a total of 4 villages in 2 poverty counties(Yunyang County and Youyang County) in Chongqing City are taken as the investigation areas using the methods of both random sampling and importance sampling.Effects of diversity of peasants' livelihood on living standard in poverty areas are discussed,as well as the change of the relationship between peasants and land.A total of 185 peasant households in the 4 villages are investigated from the aspects of family scale,age structure,education degree,income structure and other basic information,as well as the land use situation and the diversity of peasants' livelihood.Their livelihood can be divided into eight types,which are migrant labor,farming,doing business,teacher,enterpriser,transporter,civil servant and others.Change of peasants' livelihood is analyzed from the aspects of income difference,the relationship between livelihood and income level,and the relationship between livelihood and land management area.Research result shows that diversity of peasants' livelihood has played a major role in the increase of peasants' income.And land revenue is no longer the main source of household income and peasants' dependence on the land is gradually reduced.