分子标记技术在植物学研究中的应用

Application of Molecular Marking Technology to Phytology

分子标记与形态标记、细胞学标记和生化标记三类遗传标记技术相比 ,具有因直接以DNA的形式表现而在植物的任何生长阶段都可检测、遍布整个基因组、多态性高、检测手段简单迅速、无基因多效性、能够明确辨别等位基因、实验重复性好等优点。目前最常用的分子标记技术主要有限制性片段长度多态性技术 (restrictionfragmentlengthpolymor-phism ,简称RFLP)、随机扩增多态性DNA技术 (randomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA ,简称RAPD) ,微卫星DNA技术 (SimpleSequenceRepeat,简称SSR)、扩增片段长度多态性技术 (AmplifiedFragmentLengthPoymorphism ,简称AFLP)等。分子标记技术在植物学研究中得到了广泛的应用 ,在植物分类学及遗传多样性、种质资源保护、遗传图谱的建立、基因定位与辅助选择育种、指纹图谱应用于作物品种鉴定等研究方面均取得较好的应用效果。

Comparing with the marker technologies in morphology, cell cytology and biochemistry, DNA molecular marker technology directly works on DNA with the advantages of no restriction on plant develop stage, covering of all genome, allelic identification with numerous polymorphisms, simple and quick detection, and well experimental repeatability. Currently, there are four major DNA-based molecular mapping methods, RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and SSR. These technologies are being widely applied in the areas of phytotaxonomy, germplasm classification and reservation, genetic mapping, marker-assistant breeding, variety fingerprinting and proprietary rights protection. The development of these technologies has a great potential in application.