西藏鹅膏菌属的分布特征

DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF AMANITA IN XIZANG (TIBET)

西藏地区已知鹅膏菌属(Amanita)真菌28种。西藏东南部的生态环境有利于该属种类的繁殖生长,约有90%以上的种集中分布在这里,同时反映了十分明显的垂直分布和对高山的适应特征。绝大多数种分布在海拔2500～3500m的森林带。另外该属全部种均属树木的外生菌根菌。本文还将鹅膏菌属的菌托初步划分为袋状型(Saccate type)、浅杯型(Vadosocupulatetype)、领口型(Collared type)、颗粒型(易碎型Granulate type)、小托型(Microvolvate type)、粉托型(Pulverulent type)等六种类型,并简要讨论了各种菌托类型与所处生态环境的适应性。

Twenty eigth species of Amanita are known in Xizang.All of them are ecto- mycorrhizal fungi.About 90% of the total are found in southeastern part of the plateau,and most species occur in the forests at elevations of 2500—3500m.The richnness of the Amanita flora indicates that the mountainous areas in this region provile a suitable ecological condition for the fungi to survive. Six volva types of fruit bodies of Xizang's Amanita species are recognized:Saccate type; Vadosocupulate type;Collared type;Granulate type;Microvolvate type and Pulverulent type. The adaptation of various volva types to the survival environments is briefly discussed.