激素诱发成年兔股骨头坏死的形态计量学研究

Morphometric study on steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head in adult rabbits

目的：探讨激素诱发兔股骨头坏死的机理。方法：采用马血清和大剂量肾上腺糖皮质激素（氟美松）诱发成年兔股骨头坏死。将40只新西兰白兔分为三组：A组10只作为正常对照，B组10只给予10mg/Kg/d氟美松，连续给药7天。C组20只给予静注马血清两次后，注射与B组同剂量氟美松。HE染色，光镜观察，用CMLAS-彩色图像分析系统检测骨髓腔内造血组织与脂肪组织比值，并检测脂肪细胞直径、周长、面积等参数和计数检测每百个骨陷窝内坏死骨细胞数（空骨陷窝数）。结果：B、C组骨小梁萎缩，骨细胞核固缩，空骨陷窝数分别为20％和21％，明显多于正常对照组8％，骨髓腔内造血组织显著减少，脂肪组织明显增多，脂肪空泡变大，各测量参数与对照组比较均有显著意义（p＜0．01）。结论：应用大剂量激素可诱发成年兔股骨头坏死。骨髓腔内脂肪堆积，骨髓腔内压升高可导致股骨头缺血而诱发骨细胞坏死。

Objective To explore the mechanism of steroid - induced femoral head necrosis in adult rabbits.Methods: Usin image analysis technique, the morphological characteristics of osteonecrosis (ON) of steroid - induced femoral head were observed in edult theits. 40 rabbits were divided into three groups, 10 were used as a control (group A), 10 were injected 10 mg/Kg/d dexamthasone (group B), continuous injection 7 days, 20 animals were treated with a combination of horse seum (twice) and dexamethasone (group C), continuous injechon 7 days. Result: The histological evidene of osteonecrosis in femoral metaphysis or subchondral bone was found. It is showed that the hemopoietic tissue decreases and fat tissue increase in bone marrow. The diameter, area, cycle of fat cells in both group C and B were large than than group A (p ＜ 0.01). Conclusion: Osteonecrosis was experimentally induced in rabbits by employing high dose corticosteroids. It was likely that fat tissues were accumlated in the bone marrow of femoral head and induced the presare of cavity in bone mim increased. It was that compessed small blood vessel and induced the osteonecrosis of femonil head.