中国淡水鱼类单极虫病的研究Ⅰ.河南信阳鲤鱼单极虫病的研究

Studies on Thelohanellionsis(Myxosporidiosis) Parasitized Freshwater Fish in China

1993年作者对河南信阳市南湾水库网箱养殖鲤鱼肠道单极虫病进行了系统研究。该地区发病率高达 90 %以上 ,发病鲤鱼肠壁上寄生了大量单极虫孢囊 ,破坏肠道组织 ,吸收鱼体营养 ,病鱼失去光泽 ,体色呈暗黑色 ,肠管呈紫红色 ,充满脓血粘液 ,大型孢囊集中在中、后肠 ,孢囊形态大多为椭球形 ,最大个体为 4 .5× 2 .5cm ,肠管膨大一倍以上 ,肠壁变薄 ,肠道完全被堵塞 ,停止进食而死亡。经比较研究 ,该病原体被定为信阳单极虫新种 (Thelohanellusxinyangensissp .nov .)。作者对感染和未感染鲤鱼血清进行了免疫试验 ,发现病鲤血清蛋白带比未感染粘孢子虫鲤鱼血清多 5— 7条 ,该血清与单极虫孢子经交叉免疫电泳发生沉淀反应 ,表明病鲤血清具有特异性抗体产生。作者在病鲤血液中还发现“未明血液生物体”(UBO) ,对肝。

Carp is one of the major culture fishes in China.The harms to carps by myxospridiosis are more and more serious,among thelohanelliosis is a common epidemic disease to adult carps. The kind of thelohanelliosis is widely discovered in the ponds,lakes,reservoirs in the provinces of Hunan,Hubei,Henan,Hebei,Liaoning,Heilongjiang,etc in China.In the system investigation on the net cage cultured carps in Xinyang area of Henan Province in 1993,the infection rate of thelohanelliosis was up to 90 percent.Thelohanellus destroyed intestinal organizations and absorbed the nutritions from the carps.The bodies of the sick carps lost shine and appeared dark.The intestines appeared red-purplish,filled with pus,blood and mucus.Big ellipsoid cysts located in the middle and posterior intestines with the maximum cyst of 4.5×2.5 cm,making the intestines expanding one time bigger and blocking the intestines totally,thus it caused the carps ceasing eating and death.This kind of Thelohanellus was defined as Thelohanellus xinyangnedsis sp.nov.,discovered that the idiosyncratic antibody existed in the blood of sick carps.The “Unidentified Blood Organism”(UBO) was discovered in blood.The pathology was also studied at the same time.