德国对七七事变的矛盾态度及其原因(1937年7—10月)

Stance of the German Government on the July 7 Incident and Its Causes from July to October in 1937

1936年,德国和日本签订反共协定,两个法西斯国家形成军事同盟。侵华日军制造七七事变后,德国由于在中国有巨大利益,所以面临如何应对这一事件的问题。出于与日本共同争霸全球的战略需要和维护在华利益的考虑,德国对七七事变采取矛盾的态度:它虽然清楚事变是日本制造的,却不能谴责日本,声称"中立",并要求英美法等不予干涉,主张所谓东亚民族"自决";它虽然反对日本将反共协定运用于中国,却又利用日本的侵略配合其在欧洲的行动;它虽然反对日本发动对华全面战争,但最终出于全球战略配合的需要而对日让步。随着认识到日本不可能征服中国,德国转到调停中日战争上来。

Germany and Japan signed Anti-Communist International Commitment and thereafter these two fascist countries formed a military alliance.After the July 7 Incident provoked by the Japanese invaders,the German government is confronted with the issue of what stance to take by considering their huge interests in China.Due to strategic needs to seek global hegemony together with Japan while retaining their interests in China,Germany's stance is contradictory.Although the Germans know the incident was provoked by the Japanese,they could not condemn them,remained neutral and called on the U.S.,U.K.and France not to interfere and let the East Asians“make their own decisions”.Although the Germans do not want the Japanese to implement the Anti-Communist International Commitment in China,they take advantage of Japanese aggressions in China and complement their military actions in Europe.Although the Germans do not want the Japanese to wage an all-out war in China,they yielded to the Japanese due to considerations concerning their global strategy.Realizing that the Japanese cannot conquer China,the German government acted as a mediator between Japan and China.