银杏-小麦间作系统水热效应的研究

Study on the Water and Heat Effects of Ginkgo-Wheat Inter-cropping

对黄淮海平原农区银杏 -小麦间作系统的热量效应 (白天 )和水分效应进行了研究。结果表明 :(1)小麦抽穗 乳熟期 ,晴天间作系统总辐射量比单作 (麦田 )系统低 7.6 % ,阴天时二者差别不大 ;晴天间作系统净辐射通量比单作系统高 5 .6 % ,阴天时比单作系统低 1.9% ;晴天间作系统潜热通量比单作系统低 6 .8% ,阴天时二者相差极小 ;晴天和阴天间作系统的感热通量均低于单作系统 ,分别约低 5 2 .6 %和 11.1% ;晴天间作系统土壤热通量比单作系统高 2 1.8% ,阴天时比单作系统低2 5 .0 %。(2 )小麦拔节 腊熟期 ,间作系统小麦日蒸腾速率比单作麦田低 18.4 % ;小麦抽穗 腊熟期 ,实际区域面积 (1.4 3hm2 )内系统总蒸腾耗水量为 36 .4 5m3·d- 1,其中小麦占 91.7% ,银杏占 8.3% ,说明整个系统蒸腾耗水以小麦蒸腾耗水为主 ;系统内麦田土壤贮水量随带距的变化呈抛物线状分布 ,对比单作麦田 ,间作系统总体平均可使麦地 0 10 0cm土壤贮水量提高 6 .84 % ;间作系统小麦叶片水分利用率比单作麦田约高 4 .0 %。

The effects of ginkgo wheat inter cropping on heat of daytime and field water were studied in the Huang Huai Hai Plain. Comparing with the sole wheat field(CK), the results showed that:(1) during the wheat filling maturity stage, the total solar radiation flux decreased by 7.6% in a clear daytime, and there was no significant difference between the inter cropping and CK in the overcast daytime; the net radiation flux increased by 5.6% in a clear daytime, and decreased by 1.9% in a overcast daytime; the latent heat flux decreased by 6.8% in a clear daytime, and there was no significant difference between the inter cropping and CK in a overcast daytime; the sensible heat flux decreased by 52.6%,11.1% in a clear and overcast daytime respectively; the soil heat flux increased by 21.8% in a clear daytime, and decreased by 25.0% in a overcast daytime. (2) during the jointing maturity stage, the daily transpiration decreased by 18.3%; the water consumption proportion through transpiration of wheat to ginkgo was 10.9 in actual land area; the soil water capacity in 0 100 cm increased by 6.84%; the water utilization efficiency of wheat leaf increased by 4.0 %.