远程学习圈:构建远程教学与远程学习的基础理论

Distance Learning Group: A New Conceptual Mode for Theorizing Distance Teaching and Learning

远程教育基础理论的核心是远程教学和远程学习的理论，而构建远程教学和远程学习理论的出发点之一是研究和探讨远程教与学的基本要素及其相互作用关系。远程学习圈这一新概念的提出试图对远程教育中的教学基本要素及其相互作用进行理论分析，并揭示从传统教育的教学三要素－－学生、教师和教材到远程教育的教学三要素－－学习者、助学者和学习资源，不仅诸因素的内涵和外延有了扩展和变化，而且三要素的地位和功能及其相互关系和交互作用有了新的特点，即发生了重组。最重要的，就是实现了从以教师为中心、以教为主的传统校园课堂面授教学模式到以学生为中心、以学为主的远程教学和远程学习模式的转变。在远程教育中，以学生为中心的思想有着丰富的内涵，其核心可归纳为：远程教育和远程教学系统的设计和运行以学生为本；远程教与学全过程以学生自主学习为主；远程学习的组织规划控制逐步实现学生自治；远程教育院校和教师为远程学生提供包括人际交流和基于技术媒体的双向通信在内的各类学习支助服务。

The core of the distance education theory should be the theory of distance teaching and learning． One of the basics for building up the theory of distance teaching and learning is to analyze the fundamental elements and their interactions in distance teaching and learning， and the Distance Learning Group is a conceptual framework introduced by the author for the task． The paper points out that from the original three elements －－ student， teacher and textbooks in conventional education to the new ones －－ learner， facilitator and resources in distance education， there have been not only the expansion and change of intention and extension for three elements， but also the reconstruction and re－organization of their roles， functions， relationships and interactions． The major innovation is the change from the mode of teacher－centered teaching in campus and classroom based face－to－face teaching and learning to the mode of learner－centered learning in distance teaching and learning． In distance education， learner－centered learning is a thoughtful core for practice and theory， mainly including following arguments: humanism should be the base for designing and operating of distance education systems； self－directed study of learner should be the core of distance teaching and learning； learner autonomy should be encouraged and developed continuously； and a variety of learning support services including personal interactions and media－based communications should be provided by the distance education institutions and their representatives．