2001—2017年山东省审定小麦高产品种农艺、产量和品质性状演变分析

Evolutionary Analysis of Agronomic, Yield and Quality Traits of Approved High-Yield Wheat Varieties in Shandong Province from 2001 to 2017

为了给山东省小麦生产及高产育种提供参考依据,本研究统计了山东省2001—2017年审定的83个高产品种的主要农艺性状、品质性状,并对其演变趋势进行分析。结果表明:2001—2017年山东省审定高产品种的产量水平呈显著上升趋势,平均每年提高83.30 kg/hm^2;单位面积穗数总体呈增加趋势,穗粒数、千粒重演变趋势不明显;生育期明显缩短,平均每年缩短0.48 d;株高的演变趋势不明显。面团稳定时间、沉淀值、吸水率呈上升趋势;籽粒蛋白质含量呈下降趋势;面粉白度、湿面筋含量的演变趋势不明显。产量与单位面积穗数极显著正相关,与千粒重正相关不显著,与单穗粒数负相关。产量与蛋白质含量负相关,与湿面筋含量、沉淀值、吸水率、面团稳定时间及面粉白度均为正相关,但相关系数较小,说明产量性状和品质性状之间在一定范围内可协调。小麦高产育种必须通过产量三因素协调改良、综合提高来实现。从产量三因素看,中多穗品种更适合山东省的气候和生产条件,选育穗数600万～700万/hm^2、穗粒数35～40粒、千粒重40～50 g、株高75～80 cm的小麦品种更容易实现高产稳产。

In order to provide references for wheat production and high-yield breeding in Shandong Province,the evolution trends of main agronomic characters and quality traits of 83 high-yield wheat varieties approved in Shandong Province from 2001 to 2017 were analyzed in this study.The results showed that the yield increased significantly with an average annual increase of 83.30 kg/hm^2.The panicle number per unit area showed an increasing trend,however,the grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight did not change significantly.The growth period was shortened by 0.48 days per year,but the evolution trend of plant height was not obvious.The dough stable time,sedimentation value,water absorption rate showed an increasing trend,while the grain protein content decreased.The changes of flour whiteness and wet gluten content were not obvious.Yield was significantly correlated with the number of spikes per unit area and correlated with thousand-grain weight,but negatively correlated with the grain number per spike.Yield was negatively correlated with the protein content,and positively correlated with wet gluten content,sedimentation value,water absorption rate,dough stable time and flour whiteness,but the correlation coefficient was small,which indicated that the yield and quality traits could be coordinated within a certain range.So,high-yield breeding must be achieved through the coordinated and comprehensive improvement of the three factors of yield.From this perspective,the spike number of(6~7)×10~6/hm^2,35~40 grains per ear,thousand-grain weight of 40~50 g,and plant height 75~80 cm would be more likely to achieve high and stable yield under the climate and production conditions in Shandong Province.