土壤微生物生态学研究方法进展

Advancement of methods in soil microbial ecology

土壤微生物研究方法经历了微生物纯培养、土壤酶活性(BIOLOG微平板分析)、微生物库(如微生物生物量)和流(C和N循环)、微生物生物标记物(FAMEs)、微生物分子生物学技术(从土壤中提取DNA,进行PCR-DGGE、PCR-SSCP、RLFP分析等),揭示了土壤微生物群落丰富的多样性和生态功能;现代生物技术和传统微生物研究方法的配合将为土壤微生物学研究提供较好的前景。

Microbial ecology plays an important role in soil ecological system. It underwent major process in methods and approaches, Such as cell culture of microbes, soil enzyme activities (BIOLOG microplate analysis), microbial pools including soil microbial biomass, flux measurements of carbon and nutrients,structural components like FAMEs without the need to cultivate them. In the last decade, molecular approaches like PCR-DGGE、PCR-SSCP、RLFP et al, allowed new insights through the analysis of soil extract DNA showing an unexpected diversity of genomes in soil. At the end of the review a brief outlook is given on the bright future of soil microbiology combination traditional and modern technology.