植物叶缘和叶脉发育调控的研究进展

Advances in plant leaf margin and venation pattern regulation mechanism

通常可通过植物叶片的形态来区分不同植物的种类。叶片由茎顶端分生组织侧翼发育而成,为多种多样大小和形状的扁平结构。叶片的结构看似简单,但调控叶片形态和结构发育的分子机理错综复杂,叶片的发育受植物激素、转录因子、一系列蛋白因子及环境的共同调控。本文回顾了叶片边缘形态和叶脉发育研究的最新进展。在叶边缘形态方面,Aux/IAA生长素响应抑制家族蛋白通过调节生长素浓度最大点的离散分布影响小叶的起始和生长以及叶边缘结构;NAM/CUC转录因子促进叶边缘锯齿的分离以及复叶中小叶的分离和分化,NAM/CUC和Aux/IAA通过不同通路实现对生长素的调控;拟南芥RAX1基因/番茄Potato-leaf基因和拟南芥JAG基因/番茄LYR基因促进叶边缘锯齿发育;RCO调控复叶小叶的发育不通过改变生长素的分布来实现;在番茄中反式小干扰RNA途径中的因子参与叶边缘形态发育;另外,在拟南芥中,mir164A、CUC2、PIN1、DPA4、SVR9-1及SVR9L-1构成复杂的调控网络影响叶边缘锯齿的发育。在叶脉发育方面,PIN1能否正确的定位会影响叶脉发育;AS1和AS2共同参与叶片远近轴极性的分化;另外AXR6、MP、BDL、CVP因子功能的缺失影响叶脉发育;生长素、PIN1、Aux/IAA、MP、ATHB8构成反馈循环调控子叶叶脉的形成。

Leaf morphology is commonly used to distinguish different plant species. Leaves initiate from the lateral of shoot apical meristem to develop into flat structure of various sizes and shapes. The structure of leaf seems simple,but the molecular mechanism of regulating leaf morphology and structural development is complicated. The development of leaf blade is regulated by plant hormones,transcription factors,a series of protein factors and environment conditions. In terms of leaf marginal morphology,Aux/IAA auxin response inhibitor family proteins affect leaf initiation and growth and leaf marginal structure by regulating the discrete distribution of maximum auxin concentration;NAM/CUC transcription factors promote the separation and differentiation of serrated leaf margins and leaflet in compound leaves,NAM/CUC and Aux/IAA regulate auxin through different pathways;Arabidopsis thaliana RAX1 gene/Lycopersicum esculentum Potato-leaf gene and Arabidopsis thaliana JAG gene/Lycopersicum esculentum LYR gene promote leaf serration development;RCO regulates the development of leaflet in compound leaves independent of the distribution of auxin;factors in trans-small interfering RNA pathway participate in leaf marginal development in tomato;in addition,in Arabidopsis thaliana,mir164 A,CUC2,PIN1,DPA4,SVR9-1 and SVR9 L-1 constitute complex regulatory networks that affect the development of leaf serration. In terms of leaf vein development,correct location of PIN1 affects leaf vein development;AS1 and AS2 participate in the polarity differentiation of leaf in far and near axis;moreover,loss of function of AXR6,MP,BDL,CVP factors affects the development of leaf vein;in addition,auxin,PIN1,Aux/IAA,MP and ATHB8 constitute feedback cycle to regulate cotyledon vein formation.