孟子的推类思想

Mencius' idea of classification

依事物或现象的同、异为据 ,以“类”推之的推类 ,是中国古代广泛运用的一种推理论说形式和思维方法。它既影响着文人学士普遍采用的艺术手法 ,也是思想家们用来阐发自家思想和主张的重要手段。被儒家学者尊奉为“亚圣”的孟子 ,在阐发其政治伦理思想中大量地运用了推类的思维方法。他提出了“凡同类者 ,举相似也”的类观念 ,采用了寓言明理 ,博喻巧譬 ,层层推进 ,以谬制谬推论的推类方式 。

Classification deduced from classes according to the differences and similarities of events and phenomena has always been a reductive form and ideological method widely used in ancient China,which not only has influenced art techniques of scholars but also has been an important way for thinkers to expound their ideas.Mencius,who has been regarded by Confucian scholars as 'second saint',used a lot of methods of classification in expressing his political ideas.He raised the conception of'all in the same class being similar'and used classifying methods of allegorical reasoning,metaphor and fallacy against fallacy,so much so that forms of classification ideology in ancient china had been richened.