论休谟的道德感

On the Moral Sense of Hume

休谟的道德感是感受赞成与反对之情的一种能力 ,主要针对“道德善恶是由理性认定”的观点而提出的。休谟对道德感理论的重要贡献表现在三个方面 :首先 ,他尖锐地批评了理性主义伦理学的观点 ,认为理性与情感在道德判断中的作用是 :理性指出手段 ,情感则选择目的 ,这体现了其道德感理论的自然主义特性 ;其次 ,他视道德感为同情的产物 ,认为我们所赞许的对象不仅直接引起快感 ,同时也是有效用的 ,这体现了其道德感理论的功利主义特点 ;再次 ,他视正义为“人为的”德性 ,主张正义的规则乃是人为的设置 。

The moral sense of Hume is the capacity to experience feeling of approval and disapproval is metioned that is directed against'virtue and evil of moral is from reason'. Hume's contribute to the theory of moral sense is express by three sides:First,he criticizes sharply the point of the reasonalist ethics and think that the affect of the reason and the feeling about the moral judgement is that the reason point out means and the feeling choose the aim. Second,he thinks that the moral sense is resault of sympathy. Third,he thinks that justice is a man-made virtue.