西方文艺人才思想的发展

Development of Literary Talent Idea in the West

西方文艺人才学虽然在西方哲学、艺术学、人才学著作中都有所体现 ,但终未形成自己独立的学科。通过分析和归纳 ,将西方文艺人才思想的发展粗略地划分为这样几个时期 :1 神助论的古希腊时期 ,文艺创作的源泉是灵感 ,灵感有赖于神助 ;2 勤奋加天才论的古罗马时期 ,只有勤奋没有天才不行 ,只有天才没有勤奋也归无用 ;3 人道主义论的文艺复兴时期 ,对抗中世纪宗教神学的统治 ,倡导人道主义思想 ;4 理性论的启蒙运动时期 ,提倡自由、平等、博爱 ;5 注重个性的浪漫主义时期 ,肯定天才、崇尚个性、向往创作自由 ;6 政治立场论的批判现实主义时期 ,揭露社会黑暗 ,同情人民疾苦 ;7 强调社会责任感的俄国革命民主主义时期 ,作者单凭才能是不够的 ,必须深入到时代精神中去发展 。

The science of literary talents in the West has not yet been shaped into its own independent subject of study,although it is embodied in the writings of the Western philosophy,science of art,science of talents.Through analysis and generalization,the literary talent idea in the West can be roughly divided into these periods:1.Ancient Greek period of god-aid theory in which the source of literary creation was inspiration which relied on the god's help;2.Ancient Roman period of diligent-and-talented theory in which it was no use if one was only diligent with no talent and so was it when one was only talented with no diligence.3.The period of Rennaisonce which resisted against the rule of religious divine philosophy and proposed humanistic idea.4.The period of the Enlightenment of rationality theory which advocated freedom,equality,and universal love.5.The period of Romanticism which attached importance to individuality,confirmed geniuses,and yearned for writing freedom.6.The period of critical realism of political standing-point theory which exposed social darkness and showed sympathy for people's sufferings.7.Russian revolutionary democratic period that emphasised consciousness of social responsibility,in which an author could accomplish something only when he or she went down to the spirit of the times and developed himself or herself.