蚜虫迁飞动态与辣椒病毒病流行的关系

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIGRATION DYNAMICS OF APHID VECTORS AND EPIDEMIC OF PEPPER VIRUS DISEASES

在江苏省泰县和南京城郊辣椒病毒病的优势病原为黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV),次为烟草花叶病毒(TMV),此外还鉴定了一种蚕豆萎蔫病毒(BBWV)。辣椒病毒病发病株率随迁入辣椒田内有翅蚜总量的增长而增高,两者呈显著正相关,蚜虫迁飞高峰后20天左右出现辣椒发病高峰。田间最有效的传毒介体为桃蚜、萝卜蚜、禾谷缢管蚜,它们的迁飞高峰都在5月中、下旬,此时正值辣椒感病阶段,对发病率和产量影响较大。5月中旬至6月中旬置放田间的辣椒苗发病率最高,说明此时迁入田间的有翅蚜传毒最为有效,此期间是阻断蚜虫传毒的关键时期。

The predominant pathogens of pepper virus diseases in TaiCounty,Jiangsu Province and suburb of Naijing municipal was cucumber mosa-ic virus(CMV),and the secondary one was tobacco mosaic virus(TMV).In addition,broad bean wilt virus(BBWV)was also identifiedin these areas.The incidence of pepper virus diseases increased with the totalnumber of immigrating alatae,and there was significant positive corre-lation between them.The peak disease incidence occurred 20 days afterthe immigration peak of aphids.The .persicae,L.erysimi,and R.padi were most effective vectors to transmit the viruses,all their im-migration peaks appeared within middle to late May,coincided withthe sensitive period of pepper to virus diseases,thus causing severedisease incidence and peper yield loss.While the immigration peak ofA.gossypii occurred in late July,the harvest period of pepper,the yield loss caused by the diseases was negligible.The most effectiveperiod for alatae transmission was from middle May to middle June,which was the key period to prevent the dispersion of virus diseases.