香蕉镰刀菌冠腐病的研究

STUDIES ON THE FUSARIUM CROWN ROT OF BANANA

香蕉镰刀菌冠腐病由半裸镰孢(Fusarium semitectum)、串珠镰孢(F.moniliforme)、亚粘团串珠镰孢(F.moniliforme var.subglutinans)及双胞镰孢(F.dimerum)引起,其中半裸镰孢致病力最强。4种镰刀菌均由伤口侵染,香蕉在采收、包装、运输过程中产生的机械伤是本病发生的主要诱因。香蕉冠腐病原镰刀菌不存在潜伏侵染。目前利用聚乙烯袋进行香蕉常温防腐保鲜,冠腐病严重发生不仅和机械伤、温度有关,而且与袋内湿度、CO_2浓度高低也有密切的关系。用50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂500—1000倍液或多脂介剂(50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂:高脂膜水乳剂:水为1:5:1000)浸蕉梳1分钟,防效高达90—100%。

During 1984 to 1987,7 species of Fusarium were isolated from thecrown rot of Banana in Guangdong Province,and only 4 species i.e.F.semitectum,F.moniliforme,F.moniliforme var.subglutinans and F. dimerum were proved to be pathogenic.They all are wound parasitesand the first is most virulent.Latent infection from Fusarium speciescausing crown rot of Banana hasn′t been found.Cuts,bruises,andabrasions originate in the field during harvesting,transit,storage,andloads are the primary predisposition to infection,responsible for more postharvest losses.Both high relative humidity and high CO_2 concen-tration inside the polyethylene bags have been related closely to thein-tensity of Fusarium decay besides temperature.Using Carbendazim(50%WP)1:500—1000 or a mixture of Carbendazim(50%WP)and a substanceof monomolecular film at a ratio 1:5:1000 for postharvest treatment(Dip 60 sec.)gives excellent control effect(90—100%).