陕西省玉米茎腐病综合防治措施研究及示范效果

STUDY ON INTEGRATED CONTROL OF CORN STALK ROT IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

1985—1989年,以禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum土壤接种,鉴定玉米自交系、杂交种37份,抗茎腐病材料占62.1％。经2年以上重复鉴定的抗病材料12份,其中获白、武109、陕单9号等,经3—4年鉴定,均表现抗病。杂种一代发病率接近双亲发病率平均值,属数量遗传性质。土壤中施K可减轻茎腐病发生,同时推迟发病期,平缓病情发展;施N和N K复施发病率低于对照。在陕西关中地区采用种植抗病品种、施足肥料、适量增施K肥、适期播种等农业栽培综合措施,防治区平均发病率3.7％,大田对照发病率21.8％,综合防治效果83.02％。

Through soil inoculation with Fusarium graminearium,an evaluationof 37 major selfing and hybrid varieties of corn for resistance to cornstalk rot was made in Shaanxi,during 1985—1989.Of them,62.1%were resistant.Hu Bei,Wu 109 and Shaan Dan 9 were proven resistantin 3—4 years evaluations.The disease incidence of F_1 hybrids occuredappeared similar to that of their parents,near the average of theirparents,revealing a quantitative inheritance.Application of K to soil canreduce the disease incidence and deley disease development.In applica-tion of N and N+K the disease incidence was lower than that of thecheck.Therefore,increasing K and cooperating use of N and K werefeasible in farming practice.In Guanzhong Prefecture of Shaanxi,useof resistant varieties,increase of fertilizers,especially rational use ofK,proper time of sowing and proper management of the field made adecrease of the disease incidence to 3.7% while the check was 21.8%.The effect of the integrated control was 83.02%.